Cheetah
Acinonyx jubatus
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Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus
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Body Length(mm) -1100-1600 Weight (kg) - 45-65 (average) Litter Size - 3-5 average Infant mortality - 75% Life Span - 12-14 Status - Asian - Critically Endangered Status - Others - Vulnerable
A.j.fearsoni - East Africa A.j.hecki - North Africa A.j.jubatus - Southern Africa A.j.soemmeringii - Nigeria to Somalia A.j.venaticus - South West Asia
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The
Cheetah in many ways is peculiar amongst the many cat
species. In both looks and physical mobility it resembles
a large muscular greyhound - its long streamlined body is
carried on long, thin but powerful legs, which endow it
with great speed in the chase. A fully grown cheetah can
reach speeds in excess of 60 mph and can easily outrun
any animal over short distances. Its paws too, are almost
dog-like, narrow and hard padded they sport only slightly
retractable claws, the only of its type amongst the
species of cat, and offer the cat extra grip in its
high-speed pursuits. The cheetah unlike other ‘Big
Cats’ does not roar, however it does purr and other
vocal sounds range from high pitched yelps and barks to
longer chirruping sounds. The cheetahs hunting technique has been adapted to suit its speed and agility and unlike many other wild cats it hunts mainly by day. It will follow its prey from a distance, commonly the large herds of gazelle, impala or antelope, selecting old, injured or young animals, who’s speed will be impaired. Once selected the cheetah will give chase and with its superior speed, more often than not succeed in bringing down its prey on the first attempt. The cheetahs powerful jaw muscles enable the cat to grip its prey, without pause, for several minutes and it uses this to suffocate its catch by clamping the windpipe. Interestingly, compared to other species of wild cat, the cheetah has enlarged nasal passages which enables it to breathe more easily during this final phase of the kill. Once the kill has been made the cheetah however will often pause to regain its strength before eating - at this time the cheetah itself is vulnerable and can often lose its prey to packs of hyenas or to other scavengers of the open plains. The cheetah will hunt alone or in family groups, usually comprising of adult male relatives - such groups usually have much larger territories than the lone female hunter who must stay close to here young. Cheetah cubs, born between 2 and 4 to the litter, have a poor survival rate, commonly falling prey to lions or pack of hyenas. After approximately 18 month following and learning from their mother, the young cheetah is ready to fend for itself. Once the cheetahs range
ran from India, through the Middle East and extended to
the very south of the African continent. Today, to the
north, the Asian cheetah, A.j.venaticus is almost extinct
and can only be found in a few remote areas of Iran and
Afghanistan. In Africa, with the spread of the human
influence and exploitation in hunting, the cheetahs range
has shrunken dramatically - now only the grass lands and
plains of east and central Africa are home to its
dwindling numbers.
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It is now thought that due to its reduced
numbers the cheetah is also under threat genetically from
inbreeding, reducing the animals immunity from disease
and its ability to cope with changes in its environment.
Although there is little physical difference, apart from
size variation, between the African and Asian cheetahs,
the King Cheetah (see photo) displays a
noticeable deviation in its markings. Once believed to be
a sub-species, the king cheetah displays longer fur on
the back of the head and neck, resembling a localised
mane, as well as elongated spots which join to form long
irregular markings along its back. It s now believed that
this difference in markings is a result of a recessive
gene and a king cheetah and normally marked cheetah have
been reported in the same litter. However sightings of
the king cheetah have been restricted in location, to in
and around Zimbabwe.
